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Arsia Mons is the southernmost of three volcanos (collectively known as Tharsis Montes) on the Tharsis bulge near the equator of the planet Mars. To its north is Pavonis Mons, and north of that is Ascraeus Mons. The tallest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons, is to its northwest. Its name comes from a corresponding albedo feature on a map by Giovanni Schiaparelli, which he named in turn after the legendary Roman forest of Arsia Silva. ==Structure== Arsia Mons is a shield volcano with a relatively low slope and a massive caldera at its summit. The southernmost of the three Tharsis Montes volcanoes, it is the only major Tharsis volcano south of the equator. The volcano is in diameter, almost high (more than higher than the surrounding plains〔(Catalog Page for PIA02337 )〕), and the summit caldera is 72 miles (approximately 110 km) wide.〔(Catalog Page for PIA03948 )〕 It experiences atmospheric pressure lower than 107 pascals〔(Martian Weather Observation ) NASA MGS data 9.2 degrees S 238.2 degrees E 17757 meters 1.07 mbar〕 at the summit. Except for Olympus Mons, it is the biggest volcano in volume. Arsia Mons has 30 times the volume of Mauna Loa in Hawaii, the largest volcano on the Earth.〔ISBN 978-0-521-85226-5〕 The caldera of Arsia Mons was formed when the mountain collapsed in on itself after its reservoir of magma was exhausted. There are many other geologic collapse features on the mountain's flanks.〔(Catalog Page for PIA03799 )〕 The caldera floor formed around 150 Mya The shield is transected roughly northeast to southwest by a set of collapse features. The collapse features on the shield are connected by a line of small shield volcanoes on the floor of the caldera. It is possible that this line represents a significant fault similar to others found on the Tharsis bulge. This fault may represent the source of the Arsia lavas. The rift area to the southwest has been imaged in significant detail by the European Space Agency probe Mars Express. In 2004, a 3D map of this region was created at high resolution. Cliffs, landslides, and numerous collapse features can be seen (in this detailed image ). Combined with the extensive lava flows at the termination of the rift, this may reveal areas that drained the caldera lavas and contributed to the collapse. The northwest flank of the volcano is significantly different and rougher than the southeast flank, and the features may represent evidence of glaciers. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arsia Mons」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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